Práce a štúdie - Vydanie 17

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://drepo.uniza.sk/handle/hdluniza/1271

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Alternatívne protizrážkové systémy v civilnom letectve
(University of Žilina, 2025) Tabernaus, Richard; Kandera, Branislav
The article describes various alternative and traditional anti-collision avoidance systems in civil aviation. This article focuses on experimental measurements of the reliability of the PCAS system in the mountainous terrain around the city Žilina. Article also contains a technical description of the system and outlines the coverage of Slovak airspace by the secondary surveillance radar. Finally, the article evaluates the PCAS system and supports its implementation under specific conditions into the operation of LVVC during training flights to improve situational awareness and safety.
Analýza aerodynamických riešení konštrukcie UAV
(University of Žilina, 2025) Dubchenko, Oleksii; Bugaj, Martin
This bachelor thesis deals with the research and analysis of aerodynamic characteristics of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). For the purpose of analysis, 3D models of aircraft with conventional tailplane and V-shaped tailplane were created. Then, airflow simulation was performed using CFD, where the model with conventional tailplane had an asymmetric wing profile, while the other model had a symmetric wing profile. The aim of the analysis was to compare the aerodynamic characteristics of the models, their lift to drag (L/D) ratio and the character of the airflow around the structure. The experiments showed that the model with a conventional tail achieved a better L/D ratio than the model with a V shaped tail. Although the V-tail configuration usually reduces drag, it did not yield significant improvement in this simulation. These results may have been influenced by the wing airfoils used, as asymmetric airfoils produce more lift at low angles of attack and low airspeeds. Consequently, another experiment was performed in which a conventional tail was applied to the V-tail model. This resulted in a worse L/D ratio compared to the original configuration. The obtained results suggest potential opportunities for optimization of UAV designs to increase their aerodynamic efficiency in the future.
Analýza Ghost Flights a možnosti riešenia Grandfather slotov v budúcnosti
(University of Žilina, 2025) Loja, Martin; Rostáš, Ján
This thesis deals with the issue of the airport slot system used in Europe and Ghost flights. It describes the basic principles of the currently used system, the methods of allocating slots and also brings proposals for its improvement in the future. The analysis of this thesis consists of a comparison of allocated slots at two airports in Europe during the winter season at the turn of the years 2022/23 and the winter season at the turn of the years 2024/25. The thesis also discusses the issue of Ghost flights and their connection with the airport slot system. Therefore, the thesis also defines measures to preserve Grandfather slots that were valid during the COVID-19 pandemic. When analyzing Ghost flights, he thesis focuses on the period between 2017 and 2021. The load factor of individual airlines companies was used to identify this type of flight. The final part of the thesis is devoted to the evaluation of the current airport slot system using SWOT analysis. Based on this analysis, the author of the thesis defines his proposals for solving the shortcomings of the currently used airport slot system. The conclusion of this thesis is devoted to the summary of all the knowledge gained within the framework of the topic being processed.
Analýza súčasných a možnosti aplikácie nových postupov prediktívnej údržby
(University of Žilina, 2025) Milac, David; Rostáš, Ján
This article deals with the analysis of current predictive maintenance procedures and possibilities of applying its new procedures in aviation. The article examines the currently used strategies as well as their legislative frameworks and then delves deeper into predictive maintenance strategies. The aim of this article is to analyse the current state of predictive maintenance, highlight the causes of problems with its implementation in practice and to explore the future of this maintenance strategy from technical as well as legislative perspective and finally the trends that will adjust it. On the basis of study of technical articles, legislative regulations and various documents, conclusion have been reached that conclude that predictive maintenance in aviation is undoubtedly a major step forward in the field of aircraft maintenance and preservation of their airworthiness. However, the true potential of predictive maintenance remains, due to existing barriers, a question of the future technological and legislative developments in aviation and aircraft maintenance.
Analýza systému spoplatnenia leteckých navigačných služieb
(University of Žilina, 2025) Granát, Michal; Materna, Matúš; Nichtová, Radoslava
The goal of this thesis is to analyse the system of air navigation charges of air navigation service providers in Europe. The thesis explains the role of charging system, describes, reasons why it was necessary to implement this system, analyses individual phases of its implementation and examine current charging schemes. The methodology of this thesis uses a synthesis of theoretical knowledge, a comprehensive development of the analysis in charging scheme, an analysis of current charging scheme a comparison of different implementation phases and an evaluation of differences between phases. Thesis analyses methods of route and terminal charges calculations, unit rates and cost effectiveness of air navigation services providers in each phase. The outcome of this thesis is a summary of four development phases analysis, highlighting differences between methods of charges calculations, differences in cost-effectiveness of providers in Europe and differences in regulations.
Analýza vplyvu spätného tlaku výfukového systému na spotrebu paliva v dvojdobých motoroch
(University of Žilina, 2025) Stojčev, Filip; Lubják, Peter
Two-stroke engines have been known for a long time. Despite strong competition from four-stroke and electric engines, they continue to remain relevant. Their major advantage lies in their simple construction and favorable weight-to-power ratio. However, they suffer significantly in the area of combustion, where part of the fresh mixture escapes into the exhaust system. Therefore, it is important to study the phenomenon known as backpressure. By optimizing the backpressure of the exhaust system, higher combustion efficiency should be achieved. Since the need to improve combustion efficiency is a major concern from both economic and environmental perspectives, exhaust system optimization is essential. The aim is to determine, through the proposed testing on the P63 engine from a Trabant vehicle and the DLA 63 RC model engine, whether a well-designed exhaust system can help reduce these issues. The results demonstrate that a properly designed expansion chamber or correctly applied exhaust throttling can contribute to reducing fuel consumption and increasing combustion efficiency. At the same time, it is evident that an improperly designed exhaust system can worsen the addressed issues. The conclusions drawn from these experiments can serve in the future as a basis for improving combustion efficiency in practical applications of two-stroke engines.
Analýza vplyvu tvaru zakončenia krídla na jeho aerodynamické vlastnosti
(University of Žilina, 2025) Kremnický, Jakub; Jackuliak, Jakub
The goal of this thesis is to investigate the different types of wingtip solutions, their historical development, current use and potential directions of further development. The basic aerodynamic principles influencing the airflow around the wing, the formation of vortex flow and the possibilities of its minimization by means of a suitable shape of the wingtip are described. Based on the analysis of different types of wingtips, ranging from simple fixed solutions to advanced active and mechanized concepts, the thesis proposes and evaluates the potential use of fixed, active and variable wingtips, as well as theoretical concepts of mechanization of current solutions and their application in practice. The final part of the thesis summarizes the knowledge gained, compares the advantages and limitations of the different wingtip solutions and outlines the perspectives for the future development of wing terminations. Thus conceived, the thesis provides not only an overview of current technologies, but also a proposal for an innovative solution with the potential to contribute to increasing the sustainability of future concepts.
Analýza vybraných metód zisťovania príčin nehôd v leteckej doprave
(University of Žilina, 2025) Torozi, Arijon; Materna, Matúš
The bachelor thesis focuses on the analysis of selected methods for determining the causes of aircraft accidents with the aim of providing a comprehensive overview. The introduction emphasizes the importance of safety in aviation, defines key concepts and categorizes hazards. Subsequently, safety strategies and accident classifications are presented, highlighting significant historical events. The core of the work consists of an analysis of traditional (flight recorders analysis, wreckage analysis, witness testimonies) and analytical methods (qualitative, quantitative, semi-quantitative), with a particular focus on methods for detecting human failures (HFACS) and accident structure (Reason's and Shell model). The conclusion evaluates and compares the analyzed methods in terms of their strengths and weaknesses and their suitability for various accidents. The application of the methods is illustrated with selected historical accidents. The results confirm that a combination of different methods is necessary for effective investigation. The thesis highlights the importance of traditional methods for data acquisition and analytical methods for identifying deeper causes. The aim of the thesis is fulfilled by providing an overview and analysis of the methods, which contributes to a better understanding of aircraft accident investigation.
Analýza využitia lietadiel ľahších ako vzduch na obchodnú leteckú prevádzkovú činnosť a analýza prechodu lietadiel ľahších ako vzduch z pilotovaných na bezpilotné
(University of Žilina, 2025) Sabadoš, Marek; Novák, Andrej
This bachelor thesis includes a breakdown of definitions related to the classification of aircraft, primarily into lighter-than-air and heavier-thanair categories. The theoretical section focuses on the history and development of lighter-than-air aircraft. The next section discusses the technological challenges and regulatory requirements for transitioning from manned to unmanned lighter-than-air aircraft. In the final section, the economic efficiency and environmental impact of lighter-than-air aircraft are compared with heavier-than-air aircraft. The Skyship 600 and Cessna 208B Grand Caravan G1000 are specifically compared. Lastly, we assess these aircraft in the context of photogrammetry, forest liming, and environmental monitoring of habitats.
Analýza využívania UAVS ako dočasných zariadení
(University of Žilina, 2025) Iturbe Ibanez, Isaac Zared; Veľký, Patrik
Drones are tools that have been used over time with different applications, which is why a division was made between the applications of a drone based on the frequency of their use. In this thesis, the specific and limited-use applications that a UAV can carry out were written about. Which means that the drone was considered as a temporary device. This was done with the objective of observing the advantages of its use compared to different alternatives in the implementation in the same application and making recommendations for its correct implementation. For the analysis, four different applications were considered, including: infrastructure monitoring, security and rescue, terrain mapping, and photography and videography, within each application, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) were compared to their conventional counterparts (listed on the pages 34-41), thus making it possible to identify the advantages that unmanned aerial vehicles have over the other alternatives. It was found that drones have the following main advantages: access to difficult or high-risk areas, speed in executing the application, and high precision when collecting information.
Detekcia rušenia GNSS signálu prostredníctvom ADS-B prijímačov
(University of Žilina, 2025) Trnkus, Oliver; Novák, Andrej
In this thesis, the detection of GNSS interference by ADS-B receivers and its impact on the accuracy of air navigation is investigated. GNSS systems are important for modern aviation and can be jammed, which threatens the safety of air traffic. ADS-B is a GNSS dependent system which allows monitoring and identification of areas of increased interference. As GNSS jamming events become more frequent, there is an increasing need for reliable approaches to detect jamming and minimise its impact. ADS-B can help to identify unusual deviations in navigation and contribute to improving the safety of air traffic. The survey highlights the need to protect GNSS signals and develop technologies for their detection.
Dopad vojenských konfliktov a politických nepokojov na leteckú dopravu
(University of Žilina, 2025) Gardianová, Laura; Novák Sedláčková, Alena
The aim of this paper is to present the impact of armed conflicts and political unrest on civil aviation, with a focus on identifying threats and analyzing the aviation sector's responses to destabilizing factors. The paper examines the influence of geopolitical events on the functioning of air transport, analyzing specific cases of countries affected by armed conflicts or domestic unrest. Attention is paid to the measures adopted in the affected airspaces and their impact on airlines, passengers, and the economy of the sector. The research also includes an assessment of the effectiveness of international sanctions related to civil aviation and their influence on the safety and continuity of air services. It focuses on the analysis of economic and operational consequences, as well as identifying possible approaches to enhancing the resilience of air transport to similar threats in the future. In conclusion, the thesis presents proposed measures that could contribute to more effective crisis management and maintaining stability in the field of civil aviation even during times of geopolitical tension. The results highlight the importance of early risk identification and the necessity of a coordinated international response aimed at minimizing the negative consequences for air transport.
Dopady emisných systémov na letecké spoločnosti
(University of Žilina, 2025) Velčický, Ján; Novák, Andrej
This paper analyses the impact of emission systems on airline operations, with emphasis on EU measures (ETS, ReFuelEU) and global mechanisms (CORSIA). It compares regulatory frameworks, technological options and airline strategies in the context of reducing emissions by 2050. A combination of methods was used, including qualitative analysis of documents, scenario comparisons (LTAG), and quantitative assessment of economic effects. The findings show that EU tools alone are insufficient without additional measures. The thesis proposes a combined approach that integrates technological, operational and behavioral components, including fuel diversification, compensation schemes and innovative policies. The result is a realistic strategy for the decarbonization of European aviation, aligned with long-term targets and taking into account SAF, hydrogen, and infrastructure risks. The objective of the thesis to propose an effective decarbonization rajectory while minimizing financial impacts on carriers was achieved.
História leteckej meteorológie
(University of Žilina, 2025) Havlík, Timon; Jarošová, Miriam
This article traces the evolution of aviation meteorology from its earliest synoptic observations to today’s AI-driven forecasting systems. Through a structured literature review and analysis of key milestones—ranging from Aristotle’s Meteorologica and early instruments (anemometer, barometer) to the establishment of Meteor R.E. in World War I, the METAR/TAF standardization in 1968, and the founding of ECMWF—this study highlights how terminology, data formats and distribution methods have continuously advanced. A comparative assessment of past and present practices reveals dramatic improvements in data timeliness (hours to seconds), measurement accuracy, and global coverage via SOS/AWOS, GTS/SWIM and satellite networks (MetOp, Meteosat). Finally, it examines emerging applications of AI and support vector machines for hyperlocal nowcasting and 4D trajectory planning, underscoring the need for ongoing international collaboration and technological innovation to meet the challenges of an ever-changing atmosphere.
Identifikace faktorů konkurenceschopnosti Letiště Brno - Tuřany
(University of Žilina, 2025) Botterová, Chiara; Tomová, Anna
This paper focuses on the evaluation of regional airport competitiveness within the liberalized framework of the European air transport market. The main objective is to identify and assess the key factors determining the competitive position of Brno–Tuřany Airport, using a comparative analysis with Leoš Janáček Airport Ostrava. Drawing on a comprehensive literature review, nine relevant indicators were selected and quantified through a tailored competitiveness index, applied in both weighted and unweighted forms. The methodological framework enables a structured comparison of airport performance, accounting for both operational and infrastructural dimensions. The analysis reveals that Brno–Tuřany Airport demonstrates a higher level of competitiveness, particularly in terms of passenger traffic, destination network, terminal capacity, and engagement with charter carriers. In contrast, Ostrava Airport shows relative strengths in air cargo throughput and multimodal accessibility via rail transport. The results confirm the applicability of index-based approaches in capturing the multifaceted nature of airport competitiveness and offer a valuable tool for strategic planning and performance evaluation. Furthermore, the findings emphasize the dynamic character of airport markets and the importance of continuous investment and adaptability in infrastructure, connectivity, and service quality.
Identifikácia poveternostných podmienok na základe výskytu oblakov
(University of Žilina, 2025) Fomina, Anna; Jarošová, Miriam
This article focuses on the relationship between different cloud types and specific weather phenomena, as well as the potential of using cloud observations for short-term weather forecasting. The research is based on the analysis of METAR reports collected at Žilina Airport during the summer months of 2024 (June–August). The study aims to identify typical features of cloud development under various synoptic conditions—such as the passage of cold fronts, periods of atmospheric stabilization, and the occurrence of convective storms. The goal is to evaluate the extent to which visual observations of clouds can improve the effectiveness of short-term forecasts and complement standard meteorological methods, thereby supporting aviation safety.
Identifikácia prekážok v okolí letiska lzzi prostredníctvom leteckého laserového skenovania
(University of Žilina, 2025) Švancár, Denis; Škultéty, Filip
The article focuses on the identification of obstacles in the vicinity of Žilina Airport (LZZI) by means of airborne laser scanning technology. The main objective of the thesis is to identify the limitations of this technology in determining the location and height of potential obstacles in the vicinity of Žilina Airport that could threaten the safety of air traffic. The subsequent values found were compared with the requirements set by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). The results showed that the LiDAR technology enables satisfactory identification of obstacles interfering with the airport obstacle planes. A number of vegetation obstacles were identified that interfere with the obstacle planes of Žilina Airport. The accuracy of the data collection met the requirements set by ICAO PANS-AIM for the areas surrounding the airport. The work confirmed the time efficiency of airborne laser scanning when used over vegetation obstructions in the wider vicinity of the airport.
Inovácia sústav tubínového motora Safír 5 – palivová a mazacia sústava
(University of Žilina, 2025) Plochová, Jana; Čerňan, Jozef
The thesis focuses on the innovation of the fuel and lubrication systems of the Safír 5 turbine engine, which was used as an auxiliary power unit (APU) as a compressed air generator in the L-39 Albatros aircraft. The main objective of the thesis is to analyse the technical possibilities of modifying this engine to change its original purpose, ensure smooth power regulation, simplify start-up, and increase its reliability. The theoretical part provides a detailed analysis of the operation of turbine engines, the principles of the fuel and lubrication systems of the Safír 5 engine, and their importance for the engine's smooth operation. In the practical part, technical modifications of the fuel and lubrication systems are proposed and implemented, including the construction of a new stand, the design of a fuel tank, and the electrical wiring. The functionality of the modified engine was subsequently verified through a series of tests. The result of the work is a functional and reliable Safír 5 engine with improved parameters, which can serve as a teaching aid or as a basis for further experiments.
Integrácia bezpilotných leteckých systémov
(University of Žilina, 2025) Valášek, Denis; Kandera, Branislav; Nichtová, Radoslava
This article explores the integration of unmanned aerial systems (UAS) into civil airspace, focusing on collision avoidance technologies and remote identification systems. As drone operations expand, ensuring safety and interoperability becomes essential. The study reviews systems such as TCAS, ACAS, ADS-B, and FLARM, and highlights their adaptability for UAS. EU regulations 2019/947 and 2019/945 are addressed with regard to Remote ID requirements. Practical testing of Dronetag Beacon Gen. 2 and Aerobits TR-1F at Žilina Airport demonstrated accurate and stable data transmission, confirming their suitability for UAS integration. The findings underline the need for both technological innovation and regulatory alignment to safely merge manned and unmanned traffic.
Komparace letecké legislativy v oblasti licencování leteckého personálu v EU, USA a Kanadě
(University of Žilina, 2025) Kyjovská, Kristýna; Novák Sedláčková, Alena
This article is focused on comparison and analysis of the aviation legislation governing the licensing of aviation personnel in the European Union, the United States of America, and Canada. The goal is to compare the differences in the legislative framework for aviation personnel licensing and the potential cross-border transfer and validation of licenses in between these regions. Furthermore, this work examines the implementation of international standards set by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) and the role of national and supranational organizations, including EASA, FAA, and Transport Canada. The European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) oversees the standardization of legislation among EU member states. One of the many responsibilities of the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) includes licensing aviation personnel in the United States of America. In Canada, matters of aviation legislative issues, including licensing of aviation personnel, are managed by Transport Canada Civil Aviation (TCCA). Despite the existence of a requirement for international unification of aviation personnel licensing, differences can be found between individual national legislations, and therefore, in the case of foreign license validation, fulfillment of specific requirements is necessary for their international transfer and recognition.