Práce a štúdie - Vydanie 17

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://drepo.uniza.sk/handle/hdluniza/1271

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Integrácia bezpilotných leteckých systémov
(University of Žilina, 2025) Valášek, Denis; Kandera, Branislav; Nichtová, Radoslava
This article explores the integration of unmanned aerial systems (UAS) into civil airspace, focusing on collision avoidance technologies and remote identification systems. As drone operations expand, ensuring safety and interoperability becomes essential. The study reviews systems such as TCAS, ACAS, ADS-B, and FLARM, and highlights their adaptability for UAS. EU regulations 2019/947 and 2019/945 are addressed with regard to Remote ID requirements. Practical testing of Dronetag Beacon Gen. 2 and Aerobits TR-1F at Žilina Airport demonstrated accurate and stable data transmission, confirming their suitability for UAS integration. The findings underline the need for both technological innovation and regulatory alignment to safely merge manned and unmanned traffic.
Systém kontroly vstupu osob a vjezdu vozidel na Letišti Leoše Janáčka v Ostravě a posouzení možnosti jeho zlepšení
(University of Žilina, 2025) Šímová, Adéla; Lysina, Karol
This article deals with access control of persons and vehicles at Leoš Janáček Airport in Ostrava. The focus is on the structure of airport security zones, requirements for authorized access, and relevant legislation in civil aviation. Based on the analysis of operating conditions and expert collaboration, the article proposes several improvements, including clearer zoning of entry points, enhanced control of both passengers and staff at access gates, modernization of vehicle checkpoint systems, and reinforcement of perimeter protection through physical and technical means. The recommendations are grounded in the current configuration at Ostrava Airport, including its use of ID card readers, turnstiles, CCTV monitoring, and security checkpoints for both personnel and vehicles. The aim is to strengthen the airport’s security posture while maintaining functional and operational continuity.
Využitie satelitnej navigácie bezpilotnými prostriedkami
(University of Žilina, 2025) Rychvalský, Jakub; Kandera, Branislav
This thesis investigates the application of satellite navigation in unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), with a focus on the influence of urban environments on navigation accuracy. The research analyzes the effects of signal obstruction caused by buildings and other structures, leading to positioning deviations. The experimental part involves real-world drone flights in urban areas, comparing the performance of UAVs equipped with standard and advanced GNSS receivers. Results demonstrated significant signal degradation in both cases, adversely affecting navigation precision. The thesis concludes by proposing mitigation strategies, including the integration of multiple GNSS constellations, pre-flight monitoring of satellite availability and geomagnetic conditions, the use of multipath-resistant antennas, and the adoption of AI-enhanced navigation systems.
Identifikácia prekážok v okolí letiska lzzi prostredníctvom leteckého laserového skenovania
(University of Žilina, 2025) Švancár, Denis; Škultéty, Filip
The article focuses on the identification of obstacles in the vicinity of Žilina Airport (LZZI) by means of airborne laser scanning technology. The main objective of the thesis is to identify the limitations of this technology in determining the location and height of potential obstacles in the vicinity of Žilina Airport that could threaten the safety of air traffic. The subsequent values found were compared with the requirements set by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). The results showed that the LiDAR technology enables satisfactory identification of obstacles interfering with the airport obstacle planes. A number of vegetation obstacles were identified that interfere with the obstacle planes of Žilina Airport. The accuracy of the data collection met the requirements set by ICAO PANS-AIM for the areas surrounding the airport. The work confirmed the time efficiency of airborne laser scanning when used over vegetation obstructions in the wider vicinity of the airport.
Perspektívy rozvoja obchodného letectva vo vybraných krajinách sveta
(University of Žilina, 2025) Senaj, Andrej Timotej; Tomová, Anna
This paper deals with the analysis of the prospects of business aviation in developing Asian countries, namely in India and the People's Republic of China. In the paper, a systematic overview of the current state of civil aviation and business aviation in both analyzed countries is presented, focusing on historical context, economic development, regulatory environment, airport infrastructure and commercial aviation segment. Particular attention is paid to the identification of stimulating and restrictive factors acting on the demand-side and supply-side that influence the development of business aviation. While India is mainly facing infrastructure, customs and tax barriers, in China, a major limitation is an airspace control and low flexibility of flight operations. At the same time, the paper formulates recommendations for policy and sectoral actors in order to create prerequisites for more efficient growth of business aviation, thereby contributing to the development of the business environment, regional connectivity and economic competitiveness of both countries.
Alternatívne protizrážkové systémy v civilnom letectve
(University of Žilina, 2025) Tabernaus, Richard; Kandera, Branislav
The article describes various alternative and traditional anti-collision avoidance systems in civil aviation. This article focuses on experimental measurements of the reliability of the PCAS system in the mountainous terrain around the city Žilina. Article also contains a technical description of the system and outlines the coverage of Slovak airspace by the secondary surveillance radar. Finally, the article evaluates the PCAS system and supports its implementation under specific conditions into the operation of LVVC during training flights to improve situational awareness and safety.
Komplexné modelovanie prúdenia okolo viaczložkových konfigurácií
(University of Žilina, 2025) Timková, Monika; Pecho, Pavol
V diplomovej práci bola riešená problematika návrhu a analýzy viaczložkových zakončení krídla s cieľom zlepšiť aerodynamické charakteristiky nosnej plochy. Študovaný bol vplyv dvoch konfigurácií typu wing-grid – s prvkami v rôznych výškach a s prvkami v jednej línii. Cieľom bolo navrhnúť riešenia prispievajúce k zníženiu indukovaného odporu, zvýšeniu vztlaku a zlepšeniu aerodynamickej efektívnosti. Navrhnuté 3D modely boli analyzované pomocou simulácií v softvéri Autodesk CFD pre rôzne uhly nábehu. Výsledky viaczložkových konfigurácií boli porovnané s referenčným krídlom a blended wingletom. Pre overenie simulácií bol vytvorený zmenšený model testovaný vo veternom tuneli. Na základe analýz bola určená najefektívnejšia konfigurácia, pričom sa potvrdilo zlepšenie aerodynamickej efektivity a mierne zníženie indukovaného odporu.
Optimalizácia riadenia UAV: analýza ľudského faktora a jeho vplyv na bezpečnosť a efektivitu prevádzky
(University of Žilina, 2025) Zacharová, Alexandra; Pecho, Pavol
Currently, the use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) is on the rise, which implies that care must be taken to ensure safe operation. Safe operation depends on several factors, not only technical but also, to a significant extent, on the human factor, the human factor. This paper aims to investigate the impact of the human factor, specifically the impact of cognitive ability, stress and reaction time of pilots on stress reactions in various simulated emergency situations. The goal of the research is to optimize flight procedures and minimize the negative impact of the human factor on UAV control. In the experimental part, the research addresses the variability of heart rate (HRV) and electroencephalographic (EEG) data that were measured during UAV control in the presence of simulated critical situations. Other measured parameter such as reaction time, maneuver accuracy or stress response provide important information about the neurophysiological load of operators. Thus, the outcome of the study is to identify critical situations, analyze decision-making processes and propose streamlined training procedures for UAV operators.
Riešenie výpadku systému a nedostatku personálu pri odbavovaní cestujúcich na letiskách
(University of Žilina, 2025) Valo, Sebastián; Rostáš, Ján
With the growing volume of air transport, airports are increasingly dependent on digital check-in systems and the availability of qualified personnel. System outages and staff shortages represent two key challenges that negatively affect the efficiency and fluency of the passenger handling process at airports. This article analyses the current situation at selected airports in Slovakia and the Czech republic, evaluates the causes and consequences of these issues, and proposes concrete solutions, including organizational, technical, and staffing measures. Research results, based on surveys and interviews, highlight the needed for greater airport preparedness for unexpected situations and emphasize the importance of technological modernization.
Dopady emisných systémov na letecké spoločnosti
(University of Žilina, 2025) Velčický, Ján; Novák, Andrej
This paper analyses the impact of emission systems on airline operations, with emphasis on EU measures (ETS, ReFuelEU) and global mechanisms (CORSIA). It compares regulatory frameworks, technological options and airline strategies in the context of reducing emissions by 2050. A combination of methods was used, including qualitative analysis of documents, scenario comparisons (LTAG), and quantitative assessment of economic effects. The findings show that EU tools alone are insufficient without additional measures. The thesis proposes a combined approach that integrates technological, operational and behavioral components, including fuel diversification, compensation schemes and innovative policies. The result is a realistic strategy for the decarbonization of European aviation, aligned with long-term targets and taking into account SAF, hydrogen, and infrastructure risks. The objective of the thesis to propose an effective decarbonization rajectory while minimizing financial impacts on carriers was achieved.
Inovácia sústav tubínového motora Safír 5 – palivová a mazacia sústava
(University of Žilina, 2025) Plochová, Jana; Čerňan, Jozef
The thesis focuses on the innovation of the fuel and lubrication systems of the Safír 5 turbine engine, which was used as an auxiliary power unit (APU) as a compressed air generator in the L-39 Albatros aircraft. The main objective of the thesis is to analyse the technical possibilities of modifying this engine to change its original purpose, ensure smooth power regulation, simplify start-up, and increase its reliability. The theoretical part provides a detailed analysis of the operation of turbine engines, the principles of the fuel and lubrication systems of the Safír 5 engine, and their importance for the engine's smooth operation. In the practical part, technical modifications of the fuel and lubrication systems are proposed and implemented, including the construction of a new stand, the design of a fuel tank, and the electrical wiring. The functionality of the modified engine was subsequently verified through a series of tests. The result of the work is a functional and reliable Safír 5 engine with improved parameters, which can serve as a teaching aid or as a basis for further experiments.
Úprava tepelného manažmentu motora Rotax 912 pre lietadlo WT9 Dynamic v úlohe vlečného lietadla
(University of Žilina, 2025) Maršala, Ivan; Čerňan, Jozef
The article of my diploma thesis entitled Modification of the thermal management of the Rotax 912 engine in the role of a WT-9 Dynamic towing aircraft focuses on the modification of the cooling system with an emphasis on improving the cooling efficiency during the towing operation of the aircraft. Since the Rotax 912 engine is also very popular in other aircraft, the topic of the thesis was accompanied by the problem of the WT-9 Dynamic aircraft due to overheating during towing and the subsequent implementation of how to solve the problem. In the introductory chapters of the thesis, the reader is described the basic characteristics of towing, the individual engine systems that make it up and the associated consequences of high temperatures. In the second part of the thesis, the issue of the cooling system, the solution proposal and the practical implementation of the proposal are described. In the last third part, the reader is described the ctual commissioning of the new and more powerful cooling system and the evaluation of the results of the work.
Overenie metodiky merania poklesu výkonnosti pri únave
(University of Žilina, 2025) Rimarčík, Timotej; Kandera, Branislav
Fatigue is a critical factor in aviation safety, contributing significantly to human error. This study aimed to validate a methodology for measuring performance decline due to fatigue, using both objective and subjective approaches. Eight university students participated in a two-day measurement involving psychomotor vigilance tests (PVT) for reaction time and self-assessment on the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale. Sleep duration was reduced to induce acute sleep disruption. Results demonstrated a measurable decline in cognitive performance, particularly on the second day following reduced sleep. A moderate positive correlation was found between subjective and objective measurements, confirming the validity of the dual-measurement approach. The study highlights the negative impact of sleep deprivation on performance and supports the methodology’s potential use in human performance education within aviation.
Měření parametrů větru na palubě ultralehkého letadla
(University of Žilina, 2025) Kaltman, Lukáš; Novák, Andrej
This article addresses the issue of measuring wind parameters onboard ultralight aircraft with the aim of increasing pilot safety by providing relevant information about current weather conditions, specifically wind speed and direction. The theoretical part of the article analyzed the influence of wind on the flight characteristics of ultralight aircraft and examined existing wind monitoring options. Subsequently, an analysis of aircraft accident and incident data involving ultralight aircraft in the Czech Republic and Slovakia between 2019 and 2023 was conducted, revealing that wind negatively influenced 41 % of the analyzed events in the Czech Republic. Based on these findings, three potential solutions were proposed: establishing RADIO service at airfields for sport flying devices, installing windsocks at the ends of runways, and installing onboard electronic flight instrument systems capable of indicating the wind component. Using multi-criteria analysis, the installation of onboard instruments was evaluated as the most suitable option, as it offers the most accurate and up-to-date information directly during flight. In the experimental part, this option was preliminarily verified through two control flights at Sazená airfield using Garmin G3X systems. Comparison of data from the onboard instrument with data from ground meteorological stations showed that while the first flight yielded unrealistic results, the second flight showed better agreement, especially for wind direction, and the data from the onboard instrument corresponded more closely with the pilot's observations and the METAR report. It was concluded that onboard systems represent a promising solution, but more extensive research is necessary for definitive confirmation of their reliability. The article successfully identified a key risk factor, proposed a promising technical solution, and provided a theoretical and methodological basis for further research, thereby contributing to the main goal of increasing the safety of flying ultralight aircraft.
Návrh na zlepšení plánu strategického rozvoje Letiště Ostrava
(University of Žilina, 2025) Kapitanov, Alexandr; Badánik, Benedikt
Airports are not only essential transport hubs, but also dynamic centres of economic growth, technological progress and global connectivity. While major international airports dominate global air transport, regional airports play an increasingly important role in the development of individual regions, connecting local economies with foreign markets and contributing to the diversification of air transport. This diploma thesis focuses on the strategic development of the regional Leoš Janáček Ostrava Airport. The main objective is to evaluate its current status in the aviation industry, explore its potential and propose an improved strategic development plan. This should lead to increased capacity, improved airport performance and its long-term sustainability and competitiveness. The theoretical part of the thesis discusses aspects of strategic airport management, including economic, infrastructural and technological factors that influence the operation and development of the airport. The first part of the thesis focuses on a detailed analysis of the position of Leoš Janáček Ostrava Airport within the Czech and Central European aviation market. Using methods such as benchmarking and different types of analysis, the current performance of the airport is evaluated and opportunities for its further development are identified. Based on these findings, strategic development goals are proposed, the aim of which is to achieve maximum use of the airport's potential. The results of this work can serve not only as a strategic plan for Ostrava Airport, but also as a reference model for other regional airports in the Czech Republic, which strive to strengthen their market position and long-term growth in the dynamically changing aviation industry.
Optimalizácia technických a logistických procesov na zvýšenie vyťaženosti lietadiel v kombinovanej leteckej preprave
(University of Žilina, 2025) Lehocká, Paulína; Rostáš, Ján
Štúdia sa zameriava na optimalizáciu logistických a technických procesov v kombinovanej leteckej doprave, s dôrazom na efektívne využívanie voľnej kapacity v nákladových priestoroch osobných lietadiel. Cieľom je analyzovať súčasný stav a navrhnúť opatrenia na lepšie využitie dostupných kapacít na pravidelných linkách. Teoretická časť poskytuje prehľad o štruktúre leteckej nákladnej dopravy, kategorizácii dopravcov a technických špecifikáciách manipulácie s tovarom. Analytická časť vychádza z dát Letiska Košice za roky 2022 – 2024, pričom hodnotí počty cestujúcich, objem nákladu, mieru obsadenosti letov a voľnú hmotnosť lietadiel. Výsledky poukazujú na sezónne výkyvy a potenciál na zvýšenie belly cargo prepravy. V návrhovej časti sú odporúčané opatrenia ako digitalizácia dokumentácie, zverejňovanie voľných kapacít v reálnom čase a zlepšenie koordinácie subjektov. Navrhované riešenia podporujú efektívnejšie využitie kapacít, znižovanie nákladov a zvýšenie konkurencieschopnosti kombinovanej leteckej dopravy.
Společenská zodpovědnolst evropských leteckých společností v post-covidovém období
(University of Žilina, 2025) Maintoková, Aneta; Tomová, Anna
This article deals with the issue of corporate social responsibility of European airline companies. The main objective of the article is to analyze the approaches between traditional and low-cost carriers, focusing on the period before the pandemic, during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. The article focuses on a qualitative evaluation of the annual reports of twenty selected European companies. The research showed that traditional airline companies pay more attention to individual aspects of corporate responsibility and focus on all their areas from environmental initiatives to social and ethical efforts. In contrast, low-cost airline companies primarily focus on ecological efficiency and the reduction of emissions with the aim of cost optimization. The COVID-19 pandemic affected both spectrum and content of CSR activities, which were limited during the crisis period. After the pandemic, airline companies are once again placing greater emphasis on corporate social responsibility in their strategies. The article demonstrates that corporate social responsibility is no longer just a tool for improving the image of airline companies but is becoming a strategic part of their management. The conclusions of the article may contribute to a deeper understanding of the ways in which CSR can enhance the competitiveness of airline companies.
Preprava nákladu (Cargo) v batožinových priestoroch osobných lietadiel
(University of Žilina, 2025) Koreník, Filip; Rostáš, Ján
The main objective of this paper is a comprehensive analysis of the economic and business processes in the case of the introduction of cargo transportation in the cargo compartments of passenger aircraft. The paper focuses on the definition and description of air freight transport, a brief history, types of cargo transported, advantages and disadvantages of air freight transport and the most common business models used in air freight transport. We also analyse the current state of the art in the transportation of cargo in the baggage compartments of passenger aircraft. Subsequently, through the use of research methods, which are data collection and synthesis, literary research, data analysis, PESTLE analysis and also comparison of the resulting data, we have comprehensively analysed the economic aspects in the field of cargo transportation through the use of available cargo hold capacity, thus fulfilling our objective. At the end of the paper, we have tried to suggest possible optimization procedures that could help airlines to increase profit generation.
Návrh a realizácia experimentálneho hybridného raketového motora
(University of Žilina, 2025) Kupčák, Jakub; Čerňan, Jozef
This article focuses on the design and construction of an experimental hybrid rocket engine with thrust control capability. The article further examines the methodological approaches that were used in the design and manufacture, in particular, the methods of analysis, synthesis and experimental verification of the proposed system. Using Autodesk Inventor and Fusion software, the process of 3D modelling of the individual engine components was carried out, from the initial designs to the final technical documentation. The practical part is devoted to the actual manufacturing and testing of the engine, describing the selection of materials, technological procedures, and compliance with safety measures. The main objective is to design and implement an experimental hybrid rocket engine with thrust control capability. The aim of the thesis has been fulfilled by the creation and successful testing of a working prototype of a hybrid rocket engine, which can be further used for teaching and furthertesting purposes.
Návrh a realizácia elektronického riadenia motora P66/5B
(University of Žilina, 2025) Koša, Dávid; Čerňan, Jozef
The aim of the professional article is to familiarize the reader with the issue of optimizing electronic control for the P66/5B engine. The article consists of several parts in which the theory of two-stroke piston internal combustion engines, the principle of battery and electric ignition, the principle of carburetion and direct and indirect injection are specified in more detail. The article itself also contains a short description of the P66/5B engine. Within the practical part, the article describes the procedure for implementing the P66/5B engine, the course of the testing itself and the results obtained.