Práce a štúdie - Vydanie 17
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://drepo.uniza.sk/handle/hdluniza/1271
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Item Pokročilá aerodynamika výškových bezpilotných lietajúcich systémov (UAV)(University of Žilina, 2025) Benka, Maroš; Pecho, PavolThis article deals with the advanced aerodynamics of high-altitude long-endurance unmanned aerial vehicles (HALE UAVs). The aim of the work was to analyze the current knowledge in the field of stratospheric flights and, based on the obtained results, to design a theoretical model of an unmanned aerial vehicle capable of stratospheric flight for specialized applications. The thesis analyzes the specific conditions of stratospheric flight, including low air density, low Reynolds numbers, potential compressibility effects, and reduced control surface effectiveness. Existing HALE UAV systems (e.g., Helios, Zephyr, PHASA-35) and their aerodynamic challenges are examined. Within the scope of the work, a theoretical UAV model with a 10-meter wingspan, S1223 airfoil, and V-tail configuration was designed using Autodesk Inventor software. The aerodynamic performance of the designed model was verified using CFD simulation in ANSYS Fluent software for flight conditions at an altitude of 20 km (temperature 216.65 K, pressure 5.5 kPa, speed 25 m/s) employing the k-ω SST turbulence model and the NIST Real Gas model. The simulation demonstrated the model's ability to generate a lift of 512.5 N with a drag of 38.2 N, allowing it to carry a payload of approximately 12 kg with a total drone weight of 40.2 kg. The achieved L/D ratio is 13.42, confirming the good aerodynamic efficiency of the design for the given conditions. In conclusion, it is stated that stratospheric flight presents significant aerodynamic challenges mainly due to low air density, but the designed model demonstrated potential for specialized missions. Successful HALE UAV design requires a comprehensive and integrated approach combining aerodynamics, structures, materials, propulsion, and control systems.Item Systém pre meranie vybraných veličín vo veternom tuneli(University of Žilina, 2025) Antoniuk, Kateryna; Pecho, PavolThe article focuses on the design and implementation of a system for measuring selected quantities intended for application in a wind tunnel. The theoretical part includes a detailed description of the development of a mechanical transmission system, whose task is to convert aerodynamic forces into an analog signal, which can be measured and processed using Arduino microcomputers. Another part of the work involves the development of software that subsequently processes the analog signal and converts it into a digital format. The result of this conversion is the final display of the necessary data on an external screen in the form of numbers and graphs. Significant attention is given to the calibration of scales and the correct integration of sensors for measuring flow speed, to enhance the accuracy and reliability of measuring the aerodynamic characteristics of tested objects. The output presents a functional prototype of the system and its demonstration on specific examples. The system is expected to be further used for research projects.Item Komplexné modelovanie prúdenia okolo viaczložkových konfigurácií(University of Žilina, 2025) Timková, Monika; Pecho, PavolV diplomovej práci bola riešená problematika návrhu a analýzy viaczložkových zakončení krídla s cieľom zlepšiť aerodynamické charakteristiky nosnej plochy. Študovaný bol vplyv dvoch konfigurácií typu wing-grid – s prvkami v rôznych výškach a s prvkami v jednej línii. Cieľom bolo navrhnúť riešenia prispievajúce k zníženiu indukovaného odporu, zvýšeniu vztlaku a zlepšeniu aerodynamickej efektívnosti. Navrhnuté 3D modely boli analyzované pomocou simulácií v softvéri Autodesk CFD pre rôzne uhly nábehu. Výsledky viaczložkových konfigurácií boli porovnané s referenčným krídlom a blended wingletom. Pre overenie simulácií bol vytvorený zmenšený model testovaný vo veternom tuneli. Na základe analýz bola určená najefektívnejšia konfigurácia, pričom sa potvrdilo zlepšenie aerodynamickej efektivity a mierne zníženie indukovaného odporu.Item Optimalizácia riadenia UAV: analýza ľudského faktora a jeho vplyv na bezpečnosť a efektivitu prevádzky(University of Žilina, 2025) Zacharová, Alexandra; Pecho, PavolCurrently, the use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) is on the rise, which implies that care must be taken to ensure safe operation. Safe operation depends on several factors, not only technical but also, to a significant extent, on the human factor, the human factor. This paper aims to investigate the impact of the human factor, specifically the impact of cognitive ability, stress and reaction time of pilots on stress reactions in various simulated emergency situations. The goal of the research is to optimize flight procedures and minimize the negative impact of the human factor on UAV control. In the experimental part, the research addresses the variability of heart rate (HRV) and electroencephalographic (EEG) data that were measured during UAV control in the presence of simulated critical situations. Other measured parameter such as reaction time, maneuver accuracy or stress response provide important information about the neurophysiological load of operators. Thus, the outcome of the study is to identify critical situations, analyze decision-making processes and propose streamlined training procedures for UAV operators.