Žilinská univerzita v Žiline
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Item Krízový manažment - celé číslo 2/2025(University of Žilina, 2025)Item Využitie geografických informačných systémov v rámci cyklu krízového riadenia(University of Žilina, 2025) Ristvej, Jozef; Kubás, Jozef; Kollár, Boris; Chovanec, DanielThe spatial nature of crisis events requires the use of specialised tools that allow visualisation of their manifestations and, at the same time, more advanced analyses for informed decision-making. Geographic information systems enable the handling of spatial data and therefore represent one of the most appropriate tools for this purpose. Crisis management is a complex system whose phases form a continuous circle. The aim of this paper is to analyse and describe the use of geographic information systems within the whole cycle of crisis management. The analysis of domestic and foreign literature has allowed a clear summarisation and visualisation of their use within the entire crisis management cycle. The results also allow to discuss the shortcomings in their use in the field of crisis management in the conditions of the Slovak Republic.Item Assessing water consumption and wastewater quality in undergraduate chemistry and pharmacy laboratories: implications for sustainable water resource management and occupational health and safety(University of Žilina, 2025) Bani, Siphumze; Tandlich, RomanAcademic institutions play a crucial role in fostering skills development, advancing environmental sustainability, and addressing global socio-economic challenges, including those outlined in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). A key factor ensuring the effective functioning of universities is the consistent availability and reliable access to clean water. This is especially critical in the face of increasing climate variability. In particular, droughts, which are caused by climate change, pose a significant threat to institutional resilience, operations, and academic continuity. This study focused on quantifying water usage and wastewater generation during Chemistry and Pharmacy undergraduate practical sessions conducted over four weeks. Among the sessions analysed, the highest average consumption of distilled water occurred in Pharmaceutics 4, amounting to 96.50 ± 1.60 L. While Pharmaceutical Chemistry 3 generated the highest average volume of wastewater at 128.70 ± 3.05 L. The most heavily polluted wastewater was recorded in Pharmaceutics 3. The observed average values for key contamination indicators were Total Bacteria of 3.75×10⁴ ± 1.07×10⁴ CFU/100 mL, Chemical Oxygen Demand of 6050.00 ± 450.92 mg/L, Electrical Conductivity of 0.77 ± 0.43 mS/cm, pH of 8.20 ± 0.29, Surface Tension of 39.75 ± 2.99 mN/m, Total Suspended Solids of 273.00 ± 47.81 mg/L, and Turbidity of 263.50 ± 54.71 NTU. The continuation of this research is essential. It will enhance the understanding of water-related risks in academic institutions and contribute significantly to disaster risk management, resource planning, and promoting environmentally sustainable practices in higher education.Item Rozvoj transverzálnych zručností študentov krízového manažmentu pomocou prístupu ESP(University of Žilina, 2025) Smolková, KatarínaAs crisis management evolves into a more interdisciplinary and high-stakes profession, English for Specific Purposes (ESP) training must adapt with innovative strategies that extend beyond linguistic accuracy. This paper analyses the incorporation of soft skills training into English for Specific Purposes education for students prepared for professions in crisis management. Emphasizing the growing demand for communication, teamwork, critical thinking, and leadership abilities, the study draws on graduate profile descriptors from a selected university faculty and data from the National System of Occupations to identify key competencies required by the labour market. The paper outlines language learning activities designed to foster these soft skills within the ESP classroom and highlights the importance of aligning language instruction with real-world professional expectations. A student questionnaire is introduced as a self-assessment tool, providing insights into learners' awareness and perceived proficiency in specific soft skills. The findings endorse a redefined ESP model that actively facilitates the comprehensive development of future crisis managers.Item Protection of enclosed university facilities in the european union against cbrn threats: lessons learned from past incidents and preparedness strategies(University of Žilina, 2025) Rajdl, Josef; Sabol, JozefThe paper examines the protection of enclosed university facilities in the European Union against chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear (CBRN) threats. It analyses key incidents, such as the 2001 explosion at the AZF factory in Toulouse, the 2018 Novichok poisonings, and the 2018 ricin attack in Cologne. It explores current preparedness measures, including training initiatives and infrastructural improvements inspired by these events. The 2023 shooting at the Faculty of Arts of Charles University in Prague serves as a case study, highlighting the need for rapid response, effective communication and psychological support. The paper also proposes specific measures to enhance the security of universities and other higher education institutions. These measures include, among others, detection systems, entry control systems and cooperation with local authorities and agencies, aiming to minimise the risks posed by both CBRN and conventional threats.Item Comparison of mathematical models of regression analysis on youth crime and delinquency(University of Žilina, 2025) Hubočan, Samuel; Šoltés, ViktorThis paper presents a comparative analysis of regression models applied to juvenile crime and minors’ delinquency in the Slovak Republic. The aim of the research is to identify the most appropriate mathematical model for predicting the future development of juvenile crime and minors’ delinquency, based on official statistical data from the Ministry of the Interior of the Slovak Republic for the period 2010–2024. The research analyses linear, exponential, logarithmic, polynomial, and power regression models, and evaluates their reliability using the coefficient of determination (R²). The results show that the logarithmic model is the most suitable for the state and rate of minors’ delinquency (R² = 0.8526; R² = 0.8819), while the polynomial model (R² = 0.981; R² = 0.968) proved to be the most reliable for the state and rate of juvenile crime. An analysis of demographic trends and the crime index reveal a downward trend in both groups, with the prediction models indicating a continuation of this trend. The research provides important information for the development of preventive strategies and policies aimed at reducing youth crime. The research also highlights the fact that, although crime and delinquency show a declining tendency, schools are increasingly facing the emergence of violent socio-pathological phenomena. The findings of this study can serve as a starting dataset for future research on direct criminogenic factors.Item Vietnamese organised crime in the Czech republic: identification of current threats and risk assessment(University of Žilina, 2025) Martine, LubošThe issue of Vietnamese organised crime represents a current, adaptive, and challenging security threat in the Czech context. Based on a review of scholarly literature and employing analytical–synthetic and descriptive methods, this paper briefly examines the Vietnamese ethnic group within the structures of organised crime in the Czech Republic. It offers a working definition of Vietnamese organised crime and, in its core section, presents the results of an expert investigation. This investigation focused on identifying current security threats posed by Vietnamese organised crime in the Czech Republic and assessing their associated risks. The findings indicate that Vietnamese organised crime is primarily oriented towards economic crime and drugrelated offences, with the highest-risk security threats falling within these areas. The paper also emphasises the need for continuous analysis, systematic identification of security threats, and ongoing risk assessment to support the development and implementation of appropriate preventive and repressive measures.Item Fire protection of wood based on multicomponent mixtures of substances(University of Žilina, 2025) Hryhor, Oleh; Maladyka, Ihor; Nesen, Ivan; Rotte, SerhiiThe article presents the results of scientific research aimed at determining and improving the fire-protective properties of powdered substances and their impregnating solutions for the fire protection of wooden products, building materials and structures. A research methodology is proposed for the development of effective fire-extinguishing and fire-retardant agents for wood, based on three-component mixtures in which one of the components is a nitrogen-containing compound. Experimental findings show that a three-component mixture consisting of monoammonium phosphate, ammonium sulphate and carbamide, in appropriate proportions, provides highly effective fire protection for wood. In addition, a composition in the form of an epoxy polymer was developed, containing a mixture of ammonium phosphate and urea-formaldehyde resin, intended for use as a surface fire-retardant coating for wood.Item Metódy záchrany osôb pomocou lezeckej techniky v opustených baniach príslušníkmi HAZZ(University of Žilina, 2025) Plavčko, Marek; Betušová, Ivanna; Betuš, MiroslavThis paper addresses the rescue of persons from abandoned underground mines using rope techniques employed by members of the Fire and Rescue Corps of the Slovak Republic. Abandoned mine workings pose a significant safety risk, particularly due to their deteriorated technical condition, unstable geological environment, and the frequent presence of unauthorized individuals. The aim of the research was to test and evaluate selected rescue methods directly in the environment of the former Bankov magnesite mine near Košice. Several experimental rescue exercises were conducted, during which various rope techniques were applied under real conditions. The evaluation criteria included evacuation time, the amount of equipment required, the level of technical difficulty, and overall safety for both rescuers and rescued persons. The results showed that some techniques are better suited for inclined or vertical mine passages, while others are more effective in horizontal workings. Based on these findings, recommendations were formulated for the practical application of the most effective methods by Fire and Rescue Corps units. The study contributes to increasing preparedness and operational efficiency in underground rescue situations, where time is a critical factor in saving human lives.Item The major challenges facing slovak road and railways infrastructure: current conditions, administration and priorities(University of Žilina, 2025) Miške, Michal; Figuli, LuciaThe aim of the paper is to assess the current condition of bridges in Slovakia with an emphasis on two key determinants: the ownership and administration of structures and their structural health condition. The study combines official data from the Road Database of the Slovak Road Administration (SSC), available information from the Slovak Railways (ŽSR), findings of the Supreme Audit Office of the Slovak Republic (NKÚ SR), and analytical outputs of the Value for Money Division (UHP). The paper presents an analysis of data related to ownership, administration, categories of current health condition, and accompanying documentation, providing a transparent overview of where the highest risks are concentrated. These infrastructures were identified for the purposes of the REMAKE 3D project. As part of this project, several activities were undertaken to collect information and data; however, such information is often inaccessible or does not exist. The paper includes details about bridge ownership based on a comparison of owner databases, a BIM model of bridge M7441, and an example of image processing for defect detection. The conclusion and discussion section outlines proposals for future research.