Metódy záchrany osôb pomocou lezeckej techniky v opustených baniach príslušníkmi HAZZ

Abstract

This paper addresses the rescue of persons from abandoned underground mines using rope techniques employed by members of the Fire and Rescue Corps of the Slovak Republic. Abandoned mine workings pose a significant safety risk, particularly due to their deteriorated technical condition, unstable geological environment, and the frequent presence of unauthorized individuals. The aim of the research was to test and evaluate selected rescue methods directly in the environment of the former Bankov magnesite mine near Košice. Several experimental rescue exercises were conducted, during which various rope techniques were applied under real conditions. The evaluation criteria included evacuation time, the amount of equipment required, the level of technical difficulty, and overall safety for both rescuers and rescued persons. The results showed that some techniques are better suited for inclined or vertical mine passages, while others are more effective in horizontal workings. Based on these findings, recommendations were formulated for the practical application of the most effective methods by Fire and Rescue Corps units. The study contributes to increasing preparedness and operational efficiency in underground rescue situations, where time is a critical factor in saving human lives.