Technologické riešenia výroby komponentu koľajového vozidla

Abstract

This study provides a comprehensive analysis of four key manufacturing technologies for metallic components: welding, casting, CNC machining, and sheet metal bending. The aim is to compare their technical characteristics, economic aspects, and application potential, with particular attention to the production of a loadbearing component of a railway bogie. The results show that each technology offers distinct advantages and limitations, and the optimal choice depends on several factors such as required precision, production costs, time efficiency, and batch size. Welding ensures high strength but introduces residual stresses and potential defects in the joint area. Casting enables the production of complex or large components with cost-effectiveness in mass production but carries risks of porosity and internal stresses. Sheet metal bending allows fast and economical manufacturing of lightweight components, although limited by material thickness and cracking risks. CNC machining provides the highest precision and surface quality, yet it is the most time- and cost-intensive method, making it more suitable for prototypes or secondary finishing. Overall, the study highlights that the selection of the most appropriate technology should be guided primarily by time and volume requirements, with bending favored for rapid and small-batch production, while casting proves more efficient for large-scale manufacturing.