Technológ
Permanent URI for this communityhttps://drepo.uniza.sk/handle/hdluniza/549
Vychádza spravidla dvakrát ročne. Publikuje vedecké, výskumné, odborné, teoretické práce, návody, štúdie, recenzie, informácie o spracovaní technických materiálov. Zameriava sa na uverejňovanie príspevkov a prác venujúcich sa otázkam z oblasti trieskových a beztrieskových technológií, fyzikálnych princípov, nekonvenčných technológií, technologickosti konštrukcií nástrojov, ekonomike výrobného procesu, ekologizácii, spracovaniu odpadov. Takisto publikuje práce o strojoch, nástrojoch, prípravkoch a meracej technike pre oblasť mechanických technológií, výsledkoch výskumu vo sfére informačných technológií v technologickej oblasti. Uverejňuje práce o histórii a vývine mechanických technológií. Časopis zverejňuje príspevky v jazykoch: slovenskom, českom, poľskom, ruskom, anglickom a nemeckom.
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Item Súčasné materiálové riešenia pre ozubené kolesá(University of Žilina, 2025) Kepeň Harachová, Daniela; Maláková, SilviaGears are very common machine components that enable precise transmission of rotational motion and power transmission from shaft to shaft. High demands are placed on the function of gears in operation. They must enable precise, uniform transmission, must not cause noise, often have to transmit large forces, etc. Gears are manufactured from a variety of materials and with different performance specifications depending on the industrial application. Gear materials are required to have high strength, toughness and wear resistance because gears rely on their own design size and material strength to withstand external loads. Material manufacturability is also necessary due to the complex shape of the gear and the high precision requirements of the gear. This study highlights trends in gear materials that are moving towards ultra-high strength, high wear resistance, high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance, and low weight.Item Interakcia medzi materiálom, tepelným spracovaním a pevnostným výpočtom v návrhu ozubených prevodov(University of Žilina, 2025) Maláková, Silvia; Kepeň Harachová, DanielaThis paper investigates the complex interaction between material selection, heat treatment processes, and strength calculation methodologies in the design of gear transmissions. The mechanical performance and durability of gears are highly dependent on the choice of base material and the subsequent thermal treatments applied to optimize their microstructure and mechanical properties. We analysed how different heat treatment techniques, such as carburizing, quenching, and tempering, influence the microstructural characteristics and fatigue strength of common gear materials. Furthermore, the study evaluates how these material and heat treatment factors are integrated into strength calculation models used in gear design to predict operational lifespan and reliability. Experimental data and numerical simulations are employed to validate the correlation between processing parameters and gear performance. The findings highlight the critical role of a holistic design approach that considers material properties, heat treatment parameters, and accurate strength calculations to enhance gear transmission efficiency and longevity.Item Vplyv striedavého namáhania na zmenu teploty vzduchu v pružnom pneumatickom elemente(University of Žilina, 2024) Krajňák, Jozef; Maláková, Silvia; Kepeň Harachová, DanielaRubber as a material is one of the frequently used materials in mechanical engineering. This article deals with rubber, or flexible pneumatic elements, the main part of which is rubber. We determine the effect of alternating stress on the temperature change in the flexible pneumatic element under this variable load. We describe a device that serves this purpose. This device was designed and manufactured in our department. We also determine the effect of the air pressure of the flexible element on the temperature of the air and the temperature of the flexible elements. We need to find out the magnitude of these temperatures so that we can determine whether these flexible elements can work without significant negative changes in physical properties.Item Konštrukcia pružného kolesa harmonického prevodu(University of Žilina, 2024) Kepeň Harachová, Daniela; Krajňák, Jozef; Maláková, SilviaFlexspline is one of the most important components of harmonic drive. Flexspline is very adversely stressed during operation. In essence, stresses from deformation by the generator, stresses from the transmitted load and local stresses from the bending of the teeth in the tooth gaps act in it. Flexspline is radially flexible, but torsionally very stiff. When the wave generator is inserted into the Flexspline, the gear takes on its elliptical shape. When designing a flexible wheel, it is very important to determine and correctly choose its geometric properties.Item Vplyv tvaru telesa na deformáciu čelného ozubenia(University of Žilina, 2024) Maláková, Silvia; Kepeň Harachová, Daniela; Krajňák, JozefThe article is devoted to the analysis of the influence of the basic parameters of the body of the spur gear on the deformation of the teeth in meshing. The problem is solved for spur gears of large dimensions, the semi finished product of which can be a weldment, casting or forging. Gear deformations are determined by the finite element method. Examples of simulation and subsequent processing of the results demonstrate the extent of the influence of individual parameters of the gear body on the deformation of the gearing. At the same time, the results point to suitable designs of shape and dimensions to achieve the desired deformation of the teeth but with the smallest possible weight of the gears.Item Optimálny návrh výroby neštandardného ozubeného súkolesia(Žilinská univerzita v Žiline, 2023) Maláková, Silvia; Sivák, SamuelGears are among the most widely used transmission mechanisms, and the gear wheel has become a symbol of mechanical engineering. In operation, high demands are placed on the function of the gears. To achieve them, the production of gears plays an important role. Closely related to the production of gears are the specific questions of manufacturers, which method of gear production to choose. Consideration of economic initial costs, serial production, shape requirements of the gear ring and, last but not least, accuracy also led to the decision. The paper is devoted to the issue of manufacturing an elliptical gear with an asymmetric shape of the tooth profile.Item Prehľad doterajšieho výskumu výroby harmonického prevodu(University of Žilina, 2023) Kepeň Harachová, Daniela; Maláková, Silvia; Sivák, SamuelHarmonic Drive, also called Harmonic Drive gear, harmonic gear, or strain wave gearing, mechanical speed-changing device, invented in the 1950s, that reduces the gear ratio of a rotary machine to increase torque. It operates on a principle different from that of conventional speed changers. Harmonic drive products are unique precision speed reducers playing important roles in robots, semiconductor manufacturing systems, factory automation equipment and furthermore, in aerospace equipment that may convey our human dreams.Item Výroba ozubených kolies pomocou 3D tlače(University of Žilina, 2023) Maláková, Silvia; Kepeň Harachová, Daniela; Sivák, SamuelGear transmission can consist of gear wheels that are made of different materials and technologies. The manufacturing process of gear wheels depends mainly on the required properties and the choice of material. Less expensive methods can be used for gears where the load is minimal and high precision is not required. Such methods include, for example, the production of plastic wheels by injection into molds or additive manufacturing. Today, additive technologies are being used more and more, which, among other things, are also used to produce gears. In this article, various types of additive technology are described, as well as materials that are often used in this method of production.Item Generatívny dizajn pri konštrukčnom návrhu tvarov telies čelných ozubených kolies(2023) Sivák, Samuel; Maláková, Silvia; Kepeň Harachová, DanielaA paper was prepared related to current design engineering advancements. Topological optimization and generative design were some of these advancements. The process of topology optimization was explained in the following chapters. Each step is broken down into a paragraph, where it is explained and illustrated with a picture. In a SolidWorks program, topology optimization is detailed step-by-step. The last part, which lays out the subsequent approach and other possibilities, summarizes the benefits and drawbacks of this software's approach.Item Technológ 2/2022(Žilinská univerzita v Žiline, 2022) Mičietová, Anna; Minárik, Peter; Čilliková, Mária; Neslušan, Miroslav; Čapek, Jiří; Sivák, Samuel; Maláková, Silvia; Harachová, Daniela; Kulya, Juliy Martyn; Tomáš, Miroslav; Evin, Emil; Kantoríková, Elena; Moravec, Ján; Galčík, Marek; Brůna, Marek; Širanec, Lukáš; Bolibruchová, Dana; Bronček, Jozef; Drbúl, Mário; Konstantová, Viera; Kožienka, Lukáš; Koňár, Radoslav; Šutka, Jozef; Blatnický, Miroslav; Dižo, Ján; Molnár, Denis; Bubeník, Peter; Kolesnyk, Olha; Rakyta, Miroslav; Čapek, Juraj; Frátrik, Martin; Mičian, Miloš; Trško, Libor; Hirjak, Rastislav; Mišaneková, Viera; Chudíková, Dáša; Šimko, Radomír; Piroško, Martin; Jaremko, Matúš; Uhrík, Radoslav; Melo, Borislav; Málek, Miroslav; Mičian, Miloš; Derďák, Ján; Sikora, Eduard; Baba, Marcel; Kotora, Miroslav; Kamenský, Rastislav; Pobočíková, Ivana; Guldan, Vladimír; Sedliačková, Zuzana; Chupáč, Radoslav; Кравченко, Александр Петрович; Кравченко, Екатерина Александровна; Дижо, Ян Янович; Блатницкий, Мирослав ЯновичAbstract: This paper deals with surface integrity after shot peening of AlSi 304 under variable conditions expressed in term of shot-peening cycles and corresponding Almen intensities. Surface state is investigated from the point of view of surface topography, surface roughness and microhardness. Also phase transformation of paramagnetic austenite into strain induced martensite is investigated as well by the use of Barkhausen noise technique. It was found that the fraction of strain induced martensite grows with the number of shot-peening cycles and its extent penetrates deeper beneath the free surface. Furthermore, surface roughness decreases along with increasing number of cycles. Surface microcracking occurs after prolonged shot-peening cycles. Abstract: Paper was devoted to new methods coming to wide use in design engineering. These methods contained of topology optimization and generative design. Although topology optimization is practiced for some time, the generative design is its biggest contender. Both methods were described in a way of how they work and what methodology needs to be abided. At the end, a comparison between advantages and disadvantages as well was done, taking into account use of both of them in gear wheel body optimization. Abstract: The paper focuses on the manufacturability optimization of the of case made of aluminium by the rubber forming process. Al6016 aluminium was considered as the material for the cover and its constitutive equations were defined by Hill 48 and Hollomon models. The Mooney-Rivlin hyperelastic material model described the material properties of the rubber-made punch. Simulation model was built in Pam stamp software and the results were evaluated as well. The results were optimized in terms of thickness thinning and punch stroke, for two different rubber hardness. Abstract: The article describes the method of boriding sintered carbides type H1 (K10) and G1 (K20) and tool steel Cr-Mo-V. The aim of this work is to analyze the knowledge about boriding of steels with the focus on the technological assumptions of the use of boriding in the production process of forming tools in order to increase the resistance to friction, abrasive and adhesive wear. Interestingly, boriding is still an unconventional method of surface treatment. The presented work deals with the structural analysis of borided layers. Steel samples of 1.2365 material and sintered carbides H1 (K10), G1 (K20) borided with EKabor 2 powder were monitored. For the testing of metallographic samples, the methodology developed for the study of the microstructure of sintered carbides was developed. The monitored samples, borided at 900 °C for 240 min, obtained a uniform layer 5 μm thick. An increase in microhardness of more than 700 HVM was measured for carbide H1 (K10) and almost 1500 HVM for G1 (K20). The increase in hardness is due to the formation of dispersed cobalt borides Co2B and CoB. Abstract: Submitted paper aims to further analyse the possibilities of melt velocity reduction in the gating system. In this work was designed the naturally pressurized gating system. Proposed design appears to be a suitable solution for reoxidation processes reduction. Disadvantage of this system is that the melt velocity is supercritical, which leads to splashes of the melt when entering gates. Main focus of experimental part is to find a proper way to reduce the melt velocity, which will consequently decrease the reoxidation processes. For the purpose of the melt velocity reduction, labyrinth filters, flat filters and foam filters effect were investigated and visualized by simulation software ProCAST. Experimental casts were carried out, to be able to verify the results of the simulations. Mechanical properties and porosity evaluation was investigated on casted samples. Flat and foam filter appeared to be a suitable to melt velocity reduction and it was associated with increasing mechanical properties of castings. Construction with foam filter achieved the best results. Abstract: The aim of this paper was to analyze the impact of different zirconium addition (0.05; 0.10; 0.15 and 0.20 wt. % Zr) on selected properties of AlSi5Cu2Mg aluminum alloy. It is a new alloy for cylinder head castings and has only been used for a relatively short time. The specificity of this alloy is its chemical composition - specifically the low permitted Ti content, which makes it impossible to refine the grain structure of this alloy using standard Al-Ti-B grain refiners. The results of our research showed that increasing zirconium content had no effect on the increase in ultimate tensile strength, yield strength and hardness of as-cast samples. After T7 heat treatment, a more significant increase in UTS, YS and thermal conductivity occurred due to the precipitation of Cu- and Mg rich strengthening precipitates. Zirconium-rich intermetallic phases were observed in the shape of separate thick needles or as a cluster of two crossed thinner needles. These phases were not affected even after heat treatment, indicating their high thermal stability. Increasing the Zr content was accompanied by an increase in liquidus temperature and area fraction of porosity values. Abstract: International Standard EN ISO 22081 sets out rules for the definition and interpretation of general geometric specifications and general dimensional specifications according to Article 5.12 of ISO 8015: 2011). The general GPS specifications apply individually to each characteristic of a geometric element or to a relationship between geometric elements for which no individual GPS specification of the same type is defined. The general GPS specifications, which prescribe general dimensional and geometric tolerances, make it possible to simplify the indications and thus the reading of the drawing documentation, while at the same time facilitating the selection of tolerances. The new standard EN ISO 22081 replaces the standard ISO 2768 and gives rules for the application of the general geometric and general dimensional specification. Abstract: The paper deals with the limitations of testing ferromagnetic materials by the magnetic particle method. It focuses mainly on the influence of orientation and depth of materiál defects on the reliability of identification of surface and volume defects when using color and UV methods. The results obtained using unidirectional and alternating pole magnetization in manual control with a magnetic yoke are compared. Abstract: The article deals with the historical development and analysis of the current state of handling machines used in the entertainment industry. It points in particular to the material aspect, i.e. materials used for the production of amusement park equipment components. The article represents an important aspect that precedes the design of such a device, respecting the currently valid legislative requirements based on the standard STN EN 13814 so as to ensure protection against injuries or potentially dangerous situations (ejection, falling out, hitting, etc.). Abstract: The growing trend of using and processing big data brings space to study, analyze and understand the performance aspects of the monitored advanced technologies. In general, benchmarking is a well-known tool in the world of software systems that is commonly used to identify companies' strengths and weaknesses. The article presents the use of the benchmarking tool as a tool for evaluating the application of advanced technologies supporting the management of the production process. Abstract: The strength of fine-grained HSLA steels is mainly based on the grain boundary strengthening, which as the only strengthening mechanism allows the yield strength to increase without a decrease in ductility. Therefore, any change in grain size leads to irreversible changes in the properties of the material. Such changes also occur in the coarse-grain heat affected zone (CGHAZ) of welded joints, where there is an increase in austenitic grain size, which leads to a decrease in yield strength, or decrease of fatigue strength. The paper experimentally determines the growth kinetics of austenitic grain for S960MC steel. Based on the measured data, it will be possible to predict the grain growth kinetics in the CGHAZ and FGHAZ. The acquired knowledge will help to set the welding processes of fine-grained steels. The measured data will also provide a basis for numerical simulations of metallurgical processes in high-temperature HAZ during welding. Abstract: One of the basic requirements of the current industrial production is to extend the life time of thermal aggregates while taking into consideration the maximum economic effectiveness. The use of non-shaped refractory mixtures for manufacturing of monolithic linings represents a progressive trend that replaces traditional brick linings. Non-shaped materials enable to create linings of different shapes and sizes, their firing takes place at the consumer and their repair is much simpler. These aspects increase the productivity and save energy. The paper covers practical applications of castables from the production of the company RMS Košice s.r.o. in the foundry industry. Abstract: The article is a continuation of research dealing with the construction of entertainment facilities. The main goal of the authors is therefore to design such an entertainment device according to their own design. This goal was preceded by a historical overview of the development of transport and handling technology used in the entertainment industry. The current work aims to analyse the main components used in the construction of these devices such as nacelles, seats, restraints or drives and fasteners according to STN EN 13814 so that the design meets all requirements. Abstract: The paper is supplemented by a discussion of the results and in the end an evaluation of the experiments is made. The paper presents basic theoretical knowledge about the cutting process. The experimental part describes the cutting, forming and evaluation of the obtained cylindrical samples for rolling elements. Abstract: Residual stress plays an important role in welded structures, which are stressed not only by cyclic loading. The work deals with the creation of a butt weld joint made of HSLA steel S960MC with a thickness of 3 mm and its subsequent analysis for residual stresses. The result of the work is the evaluation of the residual stresses of the welded joint. Abstract: In addition to the mechanical properties, the formability and appearance after painting of the coated sheets depends on the surface texture. The surface roughness characteristics of the sheet, the mean arithmetic deviation Ra and the number of peaks per centimetre Pc, depend on the surface texture of the finishing rolls of the rolling mill, their wear and the removal on the rolling mill. This paper presents the results of an investigation of surface-finished sheet metal, the surface of which was textured by changing the electrodischarge texturing (EDT) parameters of the finishing rolls of a rolling mill. The optimization of current Ip, voltage Up, pulse duration POnT and pulse off time POffT on the target values of roughness RaT,FR and number of peaks PcT,FR of finishing rolls was carried out by response surface methodology (RSM). The obtained regression models describe with a high degree of accuracy the relationships between the input electrodischarge texturing parameters of the finishing rolls and the output texture characteristics RaT,FR and PcT,F Abstract: The issue of the conditions and suitability of the supply of glass to the dispenser head can be precisely solved only with the use of knowledge of fluid mechanics. The paper presents the used calculation methods of finite parameters and also makes their mutual comparison in terms of suitability of the solution. Abstract: In the hot metal and steel production the thermal equipment used for their production is essential with respect to the associated costs. The lining of torpedoes, blast oxygen furnaces, hot metal and steel ladles must withstand challenging manufacturing conditions. The working lining, that gets in contact with hot metal, wears out since it is affected by molten metal. The permanent lining on the other hand fulfills the safety and insulation function. The permanent lining is supposed to collect molten metal if the working lining is worn out and keep the metal temperature on the level of processing. When emptying a ladle, the lining protective layer (scab) is created if the temperature on the working lining surface is lower than the metal melting temperature. When designing the lining composition, the emphasis is given to material properties, as well as to its life time at the lowest costs per ton of steel. The paper evaluates permanent linings of metallurgical aggregates based on their thermal shock resistance and level of penetration into the brick volume. Abstract: The paper deals with an overview of selected additive technologies used in the automotive industry. The emphasis is mainly on technologies that use metal powders. Furthermore, the work focuses on machine improvements and also presents a possible breakthrough in series additive production thanks to new production systems. Abstract: The paper presents the application of one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's HSD method of multiple comparison, which can be used in the experiment, which determined the effect of cutting speed on the perpendicularity deviation of the cutting surface when cutting stainless steel X5 Cr Ni 1810 using laser. The details and technological parameters of laser cutting steel are mentioned. Based on the results obtained using ANOVA and Tukey's HSD method, it can be argued that different cutting speeds have a statistically significant effect on the perpendicularity deviation of the cutting surface. Abstract: The solution of electromagnetic compatibility and resistance of equipment to atmospheric discharges is a very important issue in the development and testing of electrotechnical and electronic equipment. The paper presents a numerical calculation of the parameters of a simplified mathematical model of a trial current and voltage pulse, which is defined by the IEC 61000-4-5 standard. The simplification consists in replacing the current pulse leading time, which is determined by said standard as 1.25 times the time from reaching 10% of the maximum amplitude to reaching 90% of the maximum amplitude, by a time from 0% to 100% of the maximum amplitude. For the solution of the equations for the calculation of the parameters of the simplified model by the numerical Newton - Raphson method, the initial approximation of the solution is determined and the cases when the solution does not exist are determined. Abstract: The paper discusses that the filtration of castings influences the deformed resistance. The article describes the change in toughness in castings using filtration during casting and subsequent changes in mechanical properties after forming these castings. Subsequently, the volumetric compressibility of samples of the same material was monitored. The chosen material is aluminium alloy due to good formability. The mechanical properties after forming on the filtered casting were compared with the casting without filtration. The essence of the tests is to ensure the behaviour of the material in two mutually different environments and to compare the size of the barrel and the susceptibility to cracking on the circumference of the samples. The experiment confirmed the effectiveness of filtering and its effect on the forming force. Abstract: The results of a survey of the reliability of automobile trains in the composition of MERCEDES-BENZ 1844 ACTROS LS trucks and semi-trailers KÖGEL, KRONE, SCHMITZ at different stages of operation are presented. The malfunctions of units and assemblies are revealed, regularities are established, the causes of malfunctions and failures are determined.