Browsing by Author "Pecho, Pavol"
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Item AEROjournal - celé číslo 1/2019(University of Zilina, 2019) Novák, Andrej; Lusiak, Tomasz; Kováčik, Ľubomír; Škultéty, Filip; Čerňan, Jozef; Rostáš, Ján; Bugaj, Martin; Pecho, Pavol; Lusiak, Tomasz; Janovec, Michal; Urminský, Tomáš; Škvareková, Iveta; Kandera, Branislav; Ažaltovič, ViliamItem Analysis of implementation instrument approaches for hems heliports(University of Zilina, 2021) Posluch, Samuel; Pecho, PavolIn recent years, the trend of using a helicopters in the operation of the helicopter emergency medical service (HEMS) has been increasing. The reason is the wide range of uses of the helicopter, fast and safe transport of wounded people using new copters. Nevertheless, it is not possible to operate flights in poor weather conditions with a sufficient number of interventions. There is a need to develop new procedures for flying even under conditions other than VFR flight rules. The current state of helicopter technology in Slovakia allows it and therefore it is appropriate that new procedures using GNSS be created to establish a safe flight. The aim of the analysis is to evaluate the input factors available to the operator and to create a design approach based on the legislative requirements for the use of GNSS systems on the selected heliport. The resulting approach design can be used as one of the options for creating procedures. Such proposals could also be implemented on other operational bases, for the creation of a network of instrument approach or departure systems, which would create space for increasing the safety of helicopter emergency medical service in Slovakia.Item Assessment of aircraft coating resistance to lighting strikes(University of Zilina, 2021) Sudin, Matúš; Pecho, PavolThe paper evaluates the damage caused by lightning strikes on various types of aircraft coatings, the extent of the damage and the evaluation of technical and economic factors. The aim of the work is to evaluate and compare the damage after lightning strikes on metallic and non-metallic coatings of aircraft and to find out which coatings are more advantageous from a technical and economic point of view for use in practice. In the introductory part, the work describes the current state, the coating of aircraft, their function and application and the phenomenon when the aircraft is struck by lightning. Subsequently, the work deals with selected coatings and briefly describes them. The main part describes all parts of the performed experiment, samples and technical equipment used for the experiment and compares the damage on selected types of coatings. The last part of the work deals with the evaluation of results, based on which it evaluates the technical and economic advantages anddisadvantages.Item Construction of a reactive engine intended for measurement of thrust characteristics and efficiency of selected aviation fuels(University of Zilina, 2021) Sitár, Matej; Pecho, PavolThe content of the research consists in the approach and interpretation of pulsejet engines as simple devices that are able to produce thrust. Relevant information about the principle of operation, the process of manufacturing a pulse engine, together with knowledge about fuels, which are subjected to research focused on the production of thrust, provide the design of a functional valveless pulsejet engine type "Lockwood". The pulsejet engine is designed to measure the thrust characteristics and efficiencies of selected aviation fuels, and its construction is the main goal, which also provides insight into a comprehensive solution to the problem. Experiments focused on fuel research, have become the main motivation for our work, which in addition to theoretical knowledge also captures the factual solution to the problem in its practical part. Thework describes a specific procedure for the construction of a pulsejet engine, but also a description of by-products of this process, in the form of a metal stationary base and the implementation of various functional components into the structure. The results of the experiments represent important outputs of the work, which clarify the values of thrust, which the engine produced when propelled by selected fuels and at the same time provide inspiration for the implementation of other similar research.Item Design and construction of a UAV device with a fixed wing for the conditions of rescue services(University of Zilina, 2021) Petrík, Nikolas Michael; Pecho, PavolThe paper is focused on comprehensive design of an unmanned aerial vehicle with fixed wing, which would add efficiency to specific activities performed by rescue services. The current rapid development of unmanned aerial vehicles is slowly becoming part of many industries around the world. The aim of this paper is to design an unmanned aerial vehicle that could provide safe, reliable, and efficient operation. The overall design, construction, and installation of the proposed unmanned aerial vehicle should integrate several modern technologies. To make an ideal design of unmanned aerial vehicle it is required to possess the knowledge of current construction methods of additive manufacturing, understanding of legislation in operating conditions and, in addition to general knowledge of unmanned vehicles, also comprehensive skills in programming and configuration of autonomous control elements of autonomous unmanned systems. After the production of the unmanned aerial vehicle with fixed wing, very good technical properties were demonstrated during experimental ground tests. Achieved technical properties are comparable to those owned by the unmanned aerial vehicles that are currently on the market. The final design configuration using an infrared-sensitive optical device could perform activities such as: searching for missing persons in hard-to-reach and vast terrain or searching for forest fires.Item Design of particle image velocimetry system for the wind tunnel of University of Žilina(University of Zilina, 2022) Pancurák, Daniel; Pecho, PavolDue to always ongoing innovation in research ability of our research facility it was decided to innovate already existing wind tunnel by implementing system of Particle Image Velocimetry. Main goal of this thesis is to create sufficient technical solution for implementation of Particle Image Velocimetry measuring systems. This system will allow creation of accurate measurements of aerodynamic forces and visualise airflow direction and its strength. Implementation of this system consists of designing sufficient structure to allow proper mount and movement of laser light source, which will be high power laser and mount for camera, which will be used to capture images of airflow of measured parts. In terms of laser stand, the main goal was to simplify the construction to decrease costs of structure and to create room for future upgrades and implementations of possible motorisation and electronic controls. For main construction were chosen steel profiles with square cut and size of 30x30 mm to match already existing construction used to stabilise measured part in test chamber. Implementation of this system of measurement will increase research abilities and it will create room for more projects, which depend on this method of measurement. Particle Image Velocimetry has wide range of usage from automotive industry through aviation to designing of spray nozzles. This will create large research opportunities for other facilities and professionals from different parts of industry, since this technology will be one of the first implemented into wind tunnel in Slovakia.Item Design procedure and honeycomb screen implementation to the air transtport department’s subsonic wind tunnel(University of Zilina, 2020) Hrúz, Michal; Pecho, Pavol; Bugaj, MartinWind tunnels are the most widely used tools when comes to validation of Reynold number. Most of wind tunnels use various air straighteners or flow conditioners to achieve as most unified air flow as it’s possible. This article deals with design and creation procedure of air flow straightener – honeycomb screen. Based on mathematical relations and empirical experience defines dimensions and characteristics for subsonic wind tunnel of the Air Transport Department of University of Žilina. Wind tunnel equipped with a suitable screen provides more relevant and accurate data, which are crucial for final validation of results of test objects.Item Experimental state of tensile testing of aircraft reciprocating internal combustion engine(University of Zilina, 2021) Mrva, Matúš; Pecho, PavolThe main goal of the Paper "Experimental state of tensile tests of aircraft piston internal combustion engine" is to create an experimental and fully functional measuring stand for monitoring the parameters of a model internal combustion piston engine, using different types of propellers. The partial goals are the creation of a teaching aid, the construction of a unique facility and the creation of opportunities for research and development in this area by other students. Using a measuring device, it was possible to record the various operating characteristics of the internal combustion engine. Based on this, the usability of individual propellers for the measured internal combustion engine can be determined.Item Experimental state of thrust testing of aircraft reciprocating internal combustion engine(University of Zilina, 2020) Mrva, Matúš; Pecho, Pavol; Hrúz, Michal; Škvareková, Iveta; Bugaj, MartinThe project “Experimental State of Thrust Testing of Aircraft Reciprocating Internal Combustion Engine” is aimed at creating a complex measuring device in order to obtain selected characteristics and parameters of the engine using different types of propellers. In addition to the basic measured parameters such as. thrust, temperature, speed and fuel flow will be a state of the art to test the latest prototype propellers designed for aircraft models. After its construction, the experimental state will be used as a study aid for testing various types of conventional as well as currently developed propellers, engine characteristics and teaching of the whole equipment in the process of teaching, training of aircraft mechanics and for presentation purposes of the University of Žilina.Item FAILURE RATE ANALYSIS IN AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE PROCEDURES(Žilinská univerzita v Žiline, 2020) Bugaj, Martin; Pecho, Pavol; Janovec, MichalAn aircraft is a complex object composed of many complicated and interrelated parts, components and systems. Reliability of all parts and systems is very important to aircraft because operation of aircraft can affect flight safe directly. Aircraft failure rate is an important parameter of aircraft operation to maintain the effective level of reliability. The failure rate is the probability of failure at a point in time. When a part, component or system is not functional it can be upgraded through replacement or repair, and the condition of the aircraft is restored to some degree. We can defined several approaches to aircraft maintenance. There are maintenance can be based on condition, which is, items are repaired when they fail. Failure during operation can have serious consequences, so detection of items with a high probability of failure through periodic inspection is a major component of maintenance. This paper analyses how we can define the aircraft failure rate and its impact on operational reliability of aircraft.Item FMEA ANALYSIS OF AUTOMATIC RESCUE PARASCHUTE SYSTEM FOR CIVIL AVIATION(Žilinská univerzita v Žiline, 2020) Pecho, Pavol; Gáborová, Miroslava; Škvareková, Iveta; Ažaltovič, ViliamThe article analyzes the topic of rescue parachute systems, with a focus on pilot parachutes used by civic aviation pilots in emergency situations. The work is in addition to pilot parachutes, focused and most ballistic rescue systems for aircraft and firing parachute systems, which fulfill an equally important role in aviation. The issue was analyzed by FMEA analysis, which was applied to the automatic rescue system. The outcome of this study is the evaluation criteria of current technical systems to reduce the risk number “R”. For each of the safety enhancement solutions, the article contains a separate proposal for technical improvements that are suitable for implementation in practice. Such solutions ultimately represent an increase in civil aviation safety as such.Item Long-range UAV hybrid petrol-electric powertrain(University of Žilina, 2023) Uhlár, Erik; Pecho, PavolAlong with increasing UAV both weight load and endurance requirements, there is a need to use alternative propulsion solutions, to satisfy the market as well as various customer applications. Although lithium polymer cells are yet well developed, they are still too heavy for long-endurance UAV missions. Hybrid petrol-electric powertrains are outstanding imitations of hybrid hydrogen-electric propulsion systems, which are currently under intensive development. Not only for their onboard power production and improved overall efficiency but also for simulating a weight load of a future hydrogen-electric system. Therefore, such a system is being tested and aimed to be used in fixed-wing UAVs for long-endurance missions. This paper describes the design and operation of a hybrid petrol-electric propulsion system and further operational optimization based on comprehensive ground testing.Item THE MEASUREMENT OF PILOT WORKLOAD(Žilinská univerzita v Žiline, 2020) Škvareková, Iveta; Ažaltovič, Viliam; Pecho, Pavol; Kandera, BranislavThe article is focused on objective measurement of pilot workload during IFR flight. For the purpose of our research, we decided to use eye monitoring technology to record eye movements to determine the pilot's performance. Eye monitoring provides data on the number of eye movements,number of visual intakes, number of saccades, number of blinks, fixations and the durations of these. Our study incorporated overall six pilots divided into two groups: the experienced and inexperienced. The measurements were performed on the ELITE S923 flight simulator located at Žilina airport, Dolný Hričov. Measurement and analysis of the data showed that the pilots showed significant deviations when comparing the two pilot samples. We also demonstrated various scanning techniques during ILS and NDB approaches. The conclusion of our work summarizes the measurement results and the use of eye track technology in the future.Item Methods of implementation PIV system in the wind tunnel of the department of air transport(University of Zilina, 2022) Remiaš, Matej; Pecho, PavolIn the early days of aviation, wind tunnels were developed to investigate whether an aircraft is capable of flying, and how capable it was of doing so.They are mainly used as a part of research of aerodynamic forces applied to a model of an aircraft or its parts. There are several methods of measuring the airflow inside a wind tunnel, however this manuscript is concerned with implementation of Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV), especially the software part, in the conditions of the wind tunnel of the Department of Air Transport. The functions of the software were investigated on the basis of a simple experiment. The poppy seeds were blown on white paper and the images were captured by the camera in slow motion as it moved from side to side and then the images were processed and analyzed. The amount of poppy seeds used varied.The results showed successful use of PIV software and it’s application directly in the wind tunnel of the Department of Aviation for research of the effects of aerodynamic forces in aviation, but also in other areas.Item NÁVRH A KONŠTRUKCIA MODELU DEMONŠTRAČNÉHO AERODYNAMICKÉHO TUNELA(Žilinská univerzita v Žiline, 2020) Hrúz, Michal; Pecho, PavolThe paper is focused on the creation of a fully functional demonstrational model of a subsonic wind tunnel with integrated accessories, using low air velocities to perform test analyses. The analyses take place in the form of visual demonstrations of the air flow behavior around various solids and also in the form of computational tasks. The paper describes the use of theoretical knowledge and laws in the field of aerodynamics and their subsequent connection to the design and construction of the model, while its dimensions must meet the strict requirements for subsequent placement. The demonstrational model provides the necessary equipment for research in the aerospace and, in part, automotive industries. It provides conditions for student research and fully covers the teaching processes of Air Transport Department.Item NÁVRH IMPLEMENTÁCIE SENZOROV SYSTÉMU ARDUINO V MODELI DEMONŠTRAČNÉHO VETERNÉHO TUNELA(Žilinská univerzita v Žiline, 2020) Rilko, Dávid; Pecho, PavolThe intention of the paper is to acquaint the reader with the basics of aerodynamics and to clarify the theory of wind tunnels, their division, construction, functionality and today´s use. The work also documents the construction proces of a wind tunnel, which took place on Žilina Airport with cooperation with employees of the Department of Air Transport and its students. The work captures the process of tunnel design until its completion. The main point is the design of the wind tunnel measuring system. The work thoroughly explains the procedure for designing, connecting, programming and calibrating measuring elements and creating an overall system for measuring data for a closer understanding of aerodynamic events. The conclusion of the work is a comparison of the measuring system used in construction and the systems used in world research centres from a technical as well as an economical point of view.Item Návrh zdokonalenia ovládacích prvkov simulátora Zlín(University of Zilina, 2022) Janovec, Michal; Materna, Matúš; Pecho, PavolThis article deals with possible improvements and improvements of the flight simulator Zlín, which is located at the Air Transport Department of the University of Žilina. The construction of the simulator and the basic control and display units of the simulator ere made in the previous period. For the most realistic feeling of flight, it is necessary to constantly innovate and improve the simulator. The created technical improvements of the simulator control panel, the control mechanism of the lateral and ongitudinal tilt, the balance control and the flaps control to this improvement of the simulator. In the article, these performed improvements of the simulator are described in detail. According to these procedures, the proposed improvements were subsequently practically performed on a simulator.Item Noise optimisation of aircraft jet engines(University of Zilina, 2022) Veľký, Patrik; Pecho, PavolAviation industry is source of noise, which has negative impact to human health and significantly influences surrounding fauna and flora. Nowadays tendency and also a need of higher care about environment concerns the aviation sector as well, which has eminent negative aspects to environment. This study is concentrated on concept solution of changes of jet engine´s output parameters, especially focused on noise emissions, using shape changes of nozzle of created 3D jet engine model, what allows simpler, economic undemanding, but relevant resulting analyse of fluid flow through the engine. Object of the research is influence of the nozzle shape to the created noise effect, which was made by fluid flow going through this shape. The goal of the study is to make and analyse as much as possible ideal shape characteristics of jet engines with the reference to the noise. The result is evaluation of possibility to do some kinds of research and analysis of jet engines on 3D models of jet engines, their comparison with reference to another parameters, such as: thrust or fuel consumption. To completing research were used facilities, devices and places of Air Department, also necessary tools and other stuff which belongs to the owner of this study. For modelling 3D model of engine and nozzle shapes, was used computer software and production of these shapes allows 3D printer. Used methods for creating nozzles are with regards to real shapes of engine. Results and conclusions of this research are appropriate to be used in praxis of air or another industry, whose purpose is utilizing thrust units. With application of these data is possible the achieve reduced noise of certain unit, with some changes of other parameters, such as: increased or decreased fuel consumption or thrust, according to the initial requirements. Moreover, these results can be used not only for industrial purposes, but also are relevant for economics.Item OPTIMALIZÁCIA VYHĽADÁVANIA OSÔB ZA POMOCI TERMOVÍZNEHO SKENU PROSTRIEDKOV UAV(Žilinská univerzita v Žiline, 2020) Nosál, Ľubomír; Pecho, PavolThe main aim of the paper is to optimalize person search by using UAV with infrared camera. Author’s goal is to confirm experiment which he came up with and to also confirm theoretical knowledge about the discussed matter. The objective of the paper is to look at the problem from as many views as possible. Every point of view has to be analyzed and optimal solution for the problem should be found. In order to use technical devices one has to understand how the machines work and understand the basic pricinples which the machines are based on. Working principles of infrared cameras are interpreted also the radiation which every object emits and which the camera scans is described. In the master paper are analyzed study cases from real search and rescue missions. The solutions of these study cases are proposed by using UAV with infrared camera. The most important part of the paper is the experimenthal phase. The optimal angle which the camera is mounted under the UAV is solved and discussed. Also the factors which affect the camera during the flight are evaluated. At the end of the paper one can find concept how to fight COVID-19 by using knowledge acquired from the paper.Item PRAVDEPODOBNOSŤ NEHODY BEZPILOTNÉHO LETECKÉHO PROSTRIEDKU NA ZEMI V OBÝVANEJ OBLASTI(Žilinská univerzita v Žiline, 2020) Ažaltovič, Viliam; Škvareková, Iveta; Pecho, Pavol; Kandera, BranislavThe study in this paper defines the amount of the possible ground casualty risk of randomly falling out-of-control UAV on a picked flight path, which was defined from the city of Žilina to the city of Martin, which were 29 km apart. For this area, the probability of a third party casualties caused by lose of control during the flight of UAV, was calculated. For these calculations was used the Equivalent Level of Safety approach. The conclusion provides recommendations for safety improvements during planning flight routes for unmanned aerial vehicles.